What is glaucoma?

• A. A condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure and progressive vision loss
• B. A cataract
• C. Inflammation of the iris
• D. Retinal detachment

Answer: (A)

Glaucoma is a condition in which elevated intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss. The key idea is that the problem starts with impaired drainage of aqueous humor, causing pressure that damages the optic nerve over time, often starting with loss of peripheral vision and potentially progressing to tunnel vision. This distinguishes glaucoma from cataracts, which are clouding of the lens; iritis, which is inflammation of the iris; and retinal detachment, which involves a separation of the retina with sudden vision changes. Regular eye examinations to monitor eye pressure are important because early glaucoma can be asymptomatic.